Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40617305›Full record

Trial reportAmerican journal of preventive medicine2025

Online RCT of Added-Sugar Warning Labels and Spanish-English Label Education.

Ethan C Wolf, Marissa G Hall, Dean Schillinger, James Krieger, Jennifer A Woo Baidal, Sarah Solar, Christina Lin, Jennifer Falbe

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in American journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05563181 (Evaluation of a Beverage Media Campaign and Added-sugar Warning Labels Among Latinx Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05563181 nacompletednot on this map

Evaluation of a Beverage Media Campaign and Added-sugar Warning Labels Among Latinx Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, DavisRan2022 to 2023Enrolled2,275ConditionsAttitude, IntentionArmsControl bar code label, Warning label, Informational campaign poster about added-sugar warning labels
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Commercial Determinants of Latinx Health: A Scoping Review of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in the USA.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ethan C WolfHuman Development and Family Studies Program, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
Marissa G HallDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Dean SchillingerHealth Communications Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
James KriegerDepartment of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Healthy Food America, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA.
Jennifer A Woo BaidalDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Sarah SolarHuman Development and Family Studies Program, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
Christina LinHuman Development and Family Studies Program, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Jennifer FalbeHuman Development and Family Studies Program, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California. Electronic address: jfalbe@ucdavis.edu.

Funding

Translational Research Core - Health Engagement & Action Translational (HEAT)P30DK092924 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Alyce Sophia Adams, HILARY Kessler SELIGMAN · 2011 to 2026
$9.2M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092924
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionA policy requiring front-of-package added-sugar warning labels has the potential to improve dietary patterns in the U.S. However, because such a policy would require English labels, the labels may not be equally effective among individuals with varying English proficiency. One potential way to increase the broad efficacy of warning labels is to use a multilingual campaign to explain the labels. This study's objective was to determine whether combining an added-sugar warning label with a Spanish and English educational message reduces intention to select sugar-sweetened beverages to a greater extent than using either the label or educational message alone among Hispanic adults. STUDY

designThis is an online RCT. SETTING/

participantsA total of 2,000 U.S. Hispanic adults with varying acculturation participated between October and December 2022.

interventionParticipants were randomized to 1 of 4 conditions: (1) control, (2) language-matched message about added-sugar warning labels (in English or Spanish), (3) warning label (English, yellow, icon) on sugar-sweetened beverages, and (4) message plus warning.

main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure is an intention to select a sugar-sweetened beverage, measured by hypothetical sugar-sweetened beverage selection in an online shopping task, analyzed in May 2023-April 2024.

resultsIn the control condition, 58% selected a sugar-sweetened beverage for themselves. In comparison, a significantly lower percentage of participants selected a sugar-sweetened beverage in the message (43%), warning label (38%), and message-plus-warning (27%) conditions (all p<0.001). The message-plus-warning condition had a lower risk of sugar-sweetened beverage selection than both the message and warning conditions (all p<0.001). Efficacy was larger for the message among those with lower acculturation and for the warning among those navigating the study in Spanish and certain income categories. Results were similar for the secondary outcome of selecting a sugar-sweetened beverage for one's child.

conclusionsUsing educational messages in more than 1 language to accompany rollout of a new warning label may further improve outcomes in populations with varying levels of acculturation.

trial registrationTrial is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT: NCT05563181).

Indexed as

Food LabelingHispanic or LatinoSugar-Sweetened BeveragesAcculturationAdultFemaleHumansIntentionLanguageMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40617305
PMCPMC12356626

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.