Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40616701›Full record

ArticleTheory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften2025

Optimal representation in biological systems.

Subhash Kak

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. An information-theoretic optimal power law.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Subhash KakOklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA. subhash.kak@okstate.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An optimal representation constitutes an efficient set. It is known that for an aggregating system if the cost of representation increases linearly with the number of bases, ternary coding is superior to binary, and coding in e is optimal. This paper investigates the relative efficiency of bases for the cases when the cost complexity is affine (slope-intercept linear), exponential, and logistic and presents new results. It is shown that for representation of structure in logistic maps, which applies often to biological systems and is true for input-output maps of neurons, the optimal base value is near 1.7632, which is consistent with the unary and space coding of information in songbirds. It is shown that the mathematical basis of this result is the solution to the equation

Indexed as

Biological PhenomenaMathematical ConceptsBinary codingLogistic mapOptimal representationTernary representation

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.