ArticlePlant cell reports2025
Tonoplast-targeted bacterial transporter MerC enhances cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis via vacuolar sequestration and cytoplasmic protection.
Article in Plant cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
key messageVacuolar sequestration via tonoplast-targeted MerC enhances Cd tolerance; expression in roots plays a primary role, while expression in mesophyll is also crucial for protecting the chloroplasts. Targeting metal transporters to the vacuole via genetic engineering offers a strategy to enhance plant tolerance to toxic metals like cadmium (Cd) by promoting vacuolar sequestration. Understanding the influence of different expression patterns of metal transporters is crucial for elucidating Cd-tolerance mechanisms. This study investigated how ubiquitous (p35S promoter) versus mesophyll-specific (pRBCS1A promoter) expression of a tonoplast-targeted bacterial metal transporter, MerC-AtVAM3 (CV), impacts Cd tolerance, nutrient homeostasis, and subcellular Cd distribution in Arabidopsis. While the short-term plate assays revealed only slight tolerance improvements, the long-term hydroponic Cd treatments (0.5 µM and 1 µM) resulted in significant enhancement in the CV-expressing lines. Notably, the p35S-CV line, which ubiquitously expresses the transgene, exhibited stronger tolerance (improved growth, mitigated chlorosis confirmed by higher SPAD values) compared to the mesophyll-specific pRBCS1A-TCV lines, particularly under 1 µM Cd. Nutritional profiling indicated that CV expression alleviated some Cd-induced nutrient imbalances. Although root Cd accumulation was similar across lines, p35S-CV shoots displayed approximately 30% lower Cd concentration compared to the wild-type (Col-0) and pRBCS1A lines under 1 µM Cd conditions. In Col-0 mesophyll cells, subcellular analysis using the Leadmium Green dye showed Cd was preferentially localized in the peripheral cytoplasm. The Leadmium Green signal also exhibited strong co-localization with chloroplasts. Conversely, CV expression effectively redirected Cd to the central vacuole, confirming efficient sequestration by the tonoplast-targeted MerC. The superior tolerance of the p35S-CV line strongly suggests that vacuolar Cd sequestration in roots plays a primary role in conferring robust Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis, while vacuolar sequestration in shoots provides supportive protection.
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