Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40616594›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine2025

Effects of daytime variation on pain intensity and analgesic requirement after cesarean section: a retrospective and prospective study.

Bin Shu, Ai Yan, Yonggang Liang, Jianrong He, Jie Chen, Xuehan Chen, He Huang, Guangyou Duan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bin ShuDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2958-0304
Ai YanDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yonggang LiangDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jianrong HeDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jie ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xuehan ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
He HuangDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Guangyou DuanDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study compared postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in women who underwent cesarean section (CS) in the morning and afternoon. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: It is unclear whether there was difference in postoperative pain intensity and analgesic requirements between morning and afternoon CS.

methodsA single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare postoperative analgesic requirements between women who underwent CS during 06:00-12:00 (morning group,

resultsThe frequency of analgesic requirements 24 h after CS in the afternoon group was significantly higher than morning group in the retrospective cohort. The AUC of pain NRS and analgesic consumption during 24 h after afternoon CS were significantly higher than those after morning procedures. Significantly lower pressure pain tolerance, higher postoperative serum endorphin levels and higher levels of interleukin-6 were found in the afternoon group compared to those preoperatively, but not in the morning group.

conclusionCS performed in the afternoon predicted severer postoperative pain compared to those performed in the morning, which might be associated with lower postoperative pain tolerance and more drastic responses to surgery. This finding needs to be considered in pain treatment after CS in the future. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER AND REGISTRY URL: ChiCTR2000039720, www.chictr.org.cn.

Indexed as

AnalgesicsCesarean SectionCircadian RhythmPostoperative PainAdultArea Under CurveFemaleHumansInterleukin-6Pain MeasurementPregnancyProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesTime FactorsAnalgesicsInterleukin-6afternoonendorphinmorningnumerical rating scalepostoperative painSurgery

Identifiers

PMID40616594
PMCPMC12231327

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.