Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40616261›Full record

Trial reportPediatric obesity2025

Anthropometry and Body Composition in Childhood: Follow-Up of a Randomised, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial With a Modified, Low-Protein Infant Formula During Infancy.

Jacqueline Muts, Stefanie M P Kouwenhoven, Nadja Antl, Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld, Britt J van Keulen, Jos W R Twisk, Dewi van Harskamp, Chris H P van den Akker, Berthold Koletzko, Johannes B van Goudoever

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pediatric obesity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jacqueline MutsDepartment of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-8168
Stefanie M P KouwenhovenErasmus MC-Sophia, Department of Pediatric & Neonatal Intensive Care, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-5988
Nadja AntlDepartment of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Marieke Abrahamse-BerkeveldDanone Research & Innovation, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1899-2824
Britt J van KeulenDepartment of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-9533
Jos W R TwiskDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Dewi van HarskampAmsterdam UMC, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Core Facility Metabolomics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Disease, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7277-3323
Chris H P van den AkkerAmsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-730X
Berthold KoletzkoDepartment of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-7165
Johannes B van GoudoeverDepartment of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-1703

Funding

BiomarKidsDanone Research & InnovationElse Kröner-Fresenius-FoundationEU Joint Programming Initiative (JPI HDL)European Commission Framework Programme EarlyNutrition 289346German Center for Child and Adolescent Health 01GL2406AGerman Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchGerman Ministry of Education and Research 01EA2203ALMU Medical Faculty and LMU University Hospitals
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFormula feeding is associated with an increased obesity risk compared to breastfeeding, possibly due to its higher protein content. We aimed to investigate the influence of feeding a modified, low-protein infant formula during the first 6 months of life on growth and body composition at 6 years.

methodsHealthy term-born infants were randomised to receive a low-protein (mLP) infant formula with modified amino acid composition (n = 90; 1.7 g protein/100 kcal) or a control infant formula (CTRL) (n = 88; 2.1 g protein/100 kcal) up to 6 months. A breastfed (BF, n = 67) group served as a reference. At 6 years, anthropometry and body composition (air-displacement plethysmography) were measured.

resultsA total of 106 infants were measured at 6y follow-up, (n = 39 mLP; n = 33 CTRL; n = 34 BF). No significant differences were observed in mean weight, length, BMI, or fat mass percentage. However, the mean fat-free mass was lower in the mLP compared to the CTRL group (-1240 g; 95% CI: -1889 to -591, p < 0.001). Moreover, both formula groups had a higher absolute fat mass when compared to the breastfed group (p = 0.01).

conclusionsFeeding a mLP formula during early life did not have beneficial effects on body composition in a subset of infants studied at age 6 year.

Indexed as

Body CompositionDiet, Protein-RestrictedInfant FormulaPediatric ObesityAnthropometryBreast FeedingChildChild DevelopmentDouble-Blind MethodFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaMaleair‐displacement plethysmographyamino acidsearly childhoodinfant formulaobesityprotein intake

Identifiers

PMID40616261
PMCPMC12414579

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.