ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
Non-linear associations of triglyceride glucose index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integration of triglyceride-glucose index and biological aging to predict cardiovascular disease risk in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: a multiple prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Unveiling a J-shaped association between the triglyceride-glucose index and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study of 1,065 patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and long-term prognosis in individuals with heart failure (HF) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the TyG index and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with HF.
methodsA total of 709 participants with HF were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). The primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Participants were classified into three groups (T1, T2, and T3) based on the tertiles of the TyG index, with T1 representing the group having the lowest values, T2 the middle-value group, and T3 the group with the highest values. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the associations between the TyG index and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to examine the non-linear associations between TyG index and the endpoint events, and a two-piecewise Cox hazards model was constructed.
resultsDuring a median follow-up period of 74 months, a total of 355 deaths were recorded, with 128 of them attributed to cardiovascular causes. Multivariate Cox regression models showed that compared to the T1 group, the T2 group exhibited a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (model 1 h: 0.51, 95%CI: 0.28-0.94; model 2 h: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.30-1.00). The RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between TyG index and all-cause mortality (p-non-linear: 0.014) as well as the cardiovascular mortality (p-non-linear: 0.049) among patients with HF. The inflection points were identified as 8.89 for all-cause mortality and 8.86 for cardiovascular mortality. The risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality demonstrated a significantly increase when the TyG index exceeded the corresponding inflection points.
conclusionsJ-shaped associations were observed between TyG index and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with HF. TyG index exhibited significant predictive value in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.