Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40616073›Full record

ArticleBMC women's health2025

'I don't know what normal has been': a grounded theory exploration of the journey to endometriosis diagnosis.

Babu Karavadra, Joanna Semlyen, Edward Morris, Gabrielle Thorpe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Babu KaravadraUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. B.Karavadra@nhs.net.
Joanna SemlyenUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
Edward MorrisObstetrics & Gynaecology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK.
Gabrielle ThorpeUniversity of East Anglia, School of Health Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiagnosis of endometriosis in the United Kingdom takes on average eight years, with delay to diagnosis contributing to physical, psychological and social burden for women experiencing endometriosis. This study aimed to explore experiences of diagnosis in women with confirmed endometriosis.

methodsThe study was informed by Constructivist Grounded Theory. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit fifteen women with confirmed endometriosis to participate in semi-structured interviews. Delay to diagnosis was identified as a key finding after analysis of four interviews and was therefore a focus for subsequent theoretical sampling. Constant comparative analysis generated codes and categories and ultimately a draft theory.

resultsA novel theoretical framework was developed, illustrating how participants fluctuated through four contexts of refusal, strong disbelief, weak disbelief and belief in their diagnosis journey, underpinned by a core category of 'making sense of a fluctuating life'. Within each context, the framework explicates how relational power and self-perception engenders a strong psychosocial influence on recognition of risk of harm from symptoms of endometriosis and consequent investigating behaviour.

conclusionsThe journey to diagnosis of endometriosis involves a complex interplay of psychological, social and relational factors in driving or inhibiting help-seeking behaviour, requiring sensitivity, understanding and a commitment to listen and value women's experiences within the clinical consultation to ensure timely and appropriate investigation and management.

Indexed as

Delayed DiagnosisEndometriosisPatient Acceptance of Health CareAdultFemaleGrounded TheoryHumansInterviews as TopicMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSelf ConceptUnited KingdomDelayDiagnosisEndometriosisGrounded theoryQualitative

Identifiers

PMID40616073
PMCPMC12232144

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.