Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40616026›Full record

SynthesisBMC women's health2025

Utilization of cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gebrie Getu Alemu, Getaneh Awoke Yismaw, Habtamu Abebe Getahun, Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay, Mekuriaw Nibret Aweke, Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu, Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh, Tigist Kifle Tsegaw, Tilahun Yemanu Birhan, Banchlay Addis and 4 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Gebrie Getu AlemuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. gebryegetu27@gmail.com.
Getaneh Awoke YismawDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Habtamu Abebe GetahunDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Habtamu Wagnew AbuhayDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Mekuriaw Nibret AwekeDepartment of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Meron Asmamaw AlemayehuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Nebiyu Mekonnen DersehDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Tigist Kifle TsegawDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Tilahun Yemanu BirhanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Banchlay AddisDepartment of Health systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Berhanie Addis AyeleDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Emebet Birhanu LealemDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Po. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Eyob Akalewold AlemuDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Fetlework Gubena ArageDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWomen living with HIV (WLHIV), mostly in East Africa, are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer and are a priority population for secondary prevention. Numerous primary studies report inconsistent, widely varying rates of cervical cancer screening (CCS) among WLHIV in the region. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize data from various primary studies to provide a conclusive estimate of CCS uptake among WLHIV in East Africa and to identify factors associated with screening utilization.

methodsThis review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. Databases searched included Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Hinari, ScienceDirect, and other manual sources for studies published between January 2015 and April 2025. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Data were analyzed using STATA 17, employing a random-effects model due to high heterogeneity. Cochran's Q test (χ²) and Higgins I² statistics were used to identify heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's test. Associations were reported as pooled adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with significance set at p < 0.05.

resultsThis meta-analysis pooled effect estimates from 46 studies with a total of 98,028 participants. The pooled CCS uptake among WLHIV in East Africa was 34.48% (95% CI: 30.61, 38.36) with high heterogeneity. Those who had knowledge (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.60, 3.38) and information (aOR = 3.95, 95% CI: 2.15, 7.28), with a family history of cervical cancer (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.96), high perceived vulnerability (aOR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.65, 4.84), and low perceived barriers (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.65) were significantly associated with CCS uptake among WLHIV in East Africa.

conclusionThe percentage of WLHIV in East Africa who obtain CCS is far below the WHO's 70% target. The utilization of CCS was significantly associated with knowledge, information, family history of cervical cancer, perceived vulnerability, and barriers. Increased screening rates can be achieved by interventions that target raising awareness, providing information, reducing barriers, and focusing on women with a family history of cervical cancer.

Indexed as

Early Detection of CancerHIV InfectionsMass ScreeningPatient Acceptance of Health CareUterine Cervical NeoplasmsAdultAfrica, EasternFemaleHumansAssociated factorsCervical cancer screening uptakeEast AfricaSystematic review and meta-analysisWomen living with HIV

Identifiers

PMID40616026
PMCPMC12231726

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.