Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40615992›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2025

Comparison between dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound for determining bone mineral density in children living with HIV in uganda: A cross- sectional study.

Eva Natukunda, Alexander J Szubert, Alasdair Bamford, Katja Doerholt, Diana M Gibb, Centurio Wandera, Aidah Nakalyango, Anna Griffiths, Lara Monkiewicz, Joan J Nangiya and 3 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Eva NatukundaJoint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda. enatukunda@jcrc.org.ug.
Alexander J SzubertMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England.
Alasdair BamfordMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England.
Katja DoerholtMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England.
Diana M GibbMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England.
Centurio WanderaJoint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Aidah NakalyangoJoint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Anna GriffithsMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England.
Lara MonkiewiczMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England.
Joan J NangiyaJoint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Esther NambiJoint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Victor MusiimeJoint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Phillipa MusokeMakerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership TRIA2015-1078,
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aim of this study was to compare quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for determining bone mineral density (BMD) among children living with HIV (CLWH) who were switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among CLWH as a sub-study of the CHAPAS-4 trial. Total body less head (TBLH) BMD and lumbar spine (LS) BMD were determined by DXA while the sound of speed (SOS), broad band ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and bone quality index (BQI) were determined by QUS. We evaluated the correlation between the DXA and QUS measurements using spearman correlation coefficient.

resultsA total of 167 children were enrolled; the median age was 9.4 (interquartile range = 6.0-12.0) years. Eighty-five (50.9%) were male. The median weight- for- age Z- score (IQR) was - 1.29(-2.16, -0.49) and height for age Z-score was - 1.03(-1.56, 0.01). SOS was weakly correlated with TBLH BMD R = 0.35, P < 0.001), lumbar spine bone apparent density (LSBMAD) (R = 0.19, P = 0.01) and LS bone mineral content (BMC) (R = 0.31, P < 0.001). BUA was moderately correlated with TBLH BMD (R = 0.50, P < 0.001), BMC (R = 0.47, P = 0.001), and LS BMC (R = 0.43, P < 0.001) but weakly correlated with LSBMAD (R = 0.28, P < 0.001). BQI was moderately correlated with TBLH BMC (R = 0.46, P < 0.001), TBLH BMD (R = 0.46, P < 0.001) and LSBMC (R = 0.41, P < 0.001). There was weak correlation between LSBMAD and BUA (R = 0.28, P < 0.001) BQI (R = 0.29, P < 0.001). QUS Z-score was weakly correlated with TBLH BMD and (R = 0.30, P < 0.01) and no correlation with LSBMAD (R = 0.07, P = 0.35).

conclusionIn CLWH, there was moderate correlation observed for TBLH measurements when comparing DXA to QUS, and weak correlation was found between LSBMAD and QUS measurements. There was a moderate correlation detected between the LSBMC and QUS.QUS may not be an appropriate substitute for DXA scan.

Indexed as

Absorptiometry, PhotonBone DensityCalcaneusHIV InfectionsChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLumbar VertebraeMaleUgandaUltrasonographyBone mineral densityChildrenDXA scanHIVQuantitative ultra sound

Identifiers

PMID40615992
PMCPMC12231623

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.