Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40615366›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Accelerating fragment-based drug discovery using grand canonical nonequilibrium candidate Monte Carlo.

William G Poole, Marley L Samways, Davide Branduardi, Richard D Taylor, Marcel L Verdonk, Jonathan W Essex

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Advancing Medicinal Chemistry Through FMO: Sygnature's Platform.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

William G PooleSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2441-8794
Marley L SamwaysSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9431-8789
Davide BranduardiAstex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.
Richard D TaylorUCB, 216 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, UK.
Marcel L VerdonkAstex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-3328
Jonathan W EssexSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. j.w.essex@soton.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2639-2746

Funding

RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/R029407/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/T022167/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/V028537/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/X035603/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fragment-based drug discovery is a popular approach in the early stages of drug development. Computational tools are integral to these campaigns, providing a route to library design, virtual screening, the identification of putative small-molecule binding sites, the elucidation of binding geometries, and the prediction of accurate binding affinities. In this context, molecular dynamics-based simulations are increasingly popular, but often limited by sampling issues. Here, we develop grand canonical nonequilibrium candidate Monte Carlo (GCNCMC) to overcome these limitations. GCNCMC attempts the insertion and deletion of fragments to, or from, a region of interest; each proposed move is subject to a rigorous acceptance test based on the thermodynamic properties of the system. We demonstrate that fragment-based GCNCMC efficiently finds occluded fragment binding sites and accurately samples multiple binding modes. Finally, binding affinities of fragments are successfully calculated without the need for restraints, the handling of multiple binding modes, or symmetry corrections.

Indexed as

Drug DiscoveryMonte Carlo MethodBinding SitesMolecular Dynamics SimulationProtein BindingSmall Molecule LibrariesThermodynamicsSmall Molecule Libraries

Identifiers

PMID40615366
PMCPMC12227770

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.