ArticleJACC. Case reports2025
Undiagnosed Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Presenting as Congestive Heart Failure in an Elderly Woman.
Article in JACC. Case reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Diseases in Adults: Opportunities for Improving Diagnostic Strategies.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA hemodynamically significant ventricular septal defect (VSD) typically manifests in children but is uncommon in adults. The long-term outcomes of unrepaired small VSDs in the elderly population are not well known because they rarely become hemodynamically significant. CASE SUMMARY: A 77-year-old woman presented with newonset heart failure and atrial fibrillation. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a small peri-membranous (VSD) with "windsock deformity," a left-to-right shunt, and severely reduced ejection fraction. She experienced cardiogenic shock requiring inotropic support and later died. DISCUSSION: Unrepaired small VSDs presenting as acute heart failure in elderly patients have rarely been reported. This unique case helps to inform other practitioners of potential long-term outcomes of unrepaired small VSDs. TAKE-HOME MESSAGES: Unrepaired VSDs in adults present a complex clinical challenge because of their uncertain long-term outcomes and limited data. This rare presentation in advanced age underscores the importance of early recognition and timely management.
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Registered trials
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