Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40614987›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics2025

Sustained delivery of 4-phenylbutyric acid via chitosan nanoparticles in foam for decontamination and treatment of lewisite-mediated skin injury.

Meheli Ghosh, Nethra Viswaroopan, Sharvari M Kshirsagar, Jasim Khan, Suha Mohiuddin, Ritesh K Srivastava, Mohammad Athar, Ajay K Banga

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Meheli GhoshCenter for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Nethra ViswaroopanCenter for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Sharvari M KshirsagarCenter for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Jasim KhanUAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Suha MohiuddinUAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Ritesh K SrivastavaUAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Mohammad AtharUAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Ajay K BangaCenter for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Electronic address: banga_ak@mercer.edu.

Funding

Optimization of Novel Molecular Target-based Drugs for Arsenical Skin InjuryU01AR078544 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI ATHAR, MOHAMMAD · 2020 to 2024
$3.9M
NIAMS NIH HHS U01 AR078544
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lewisite, a chemical warfare agent, induces severe skin injury by oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, necessitating innovative antidote strategies. This study developed chitosan nanoparticle-loaded foam formulations for rapid skin decontamination and sustained topical delivery of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress-reducing chaperone. Nanoparticles were synthesized via ionic gelation using low (LMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) chitosan. The optimized formulations, N31 (LMW) and N35 (MMW), achieved drug loadings of 5.04 % and 10.09 % w/w, particle sizes of 141.88 ± 26.31 nm and 176.10 ± 36.97 nm, monodisperse distributions (PDI < 0.3), high entrapment efficiency (>93 %) and good stability with zeta potential of -16.67 mV and -19.37 mV, respectively. Incorporation into foam enabled both effective decontamination (>70 % efficiency) and sustained 4-PBA delivery. In vitro release studies demonstrated sustained drug release over 24 h. Permeation studies using dermatomed human skin revealed that nanoparticle formulations significantly reduced 4-PBA delivery: N35 decreased permeation by 38.4 % (214.35 ± 16.6 µg/cm

Indexed as

ChitosanNanoparticlesPhenylbutyratesAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsChemical Warfare AgentsDecontaminationDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersDrug LiberationHumansMiceMice, HairlessParticle SizeSkinSkin Absorption4-phenylbutyric acidChemical Warfare AgentsChitosanDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersPhenylbutyrates4-Phenylbutyric acidChitosan nanoparticlesDecontaminationFoam formulationLewisiteSkin delivery

Identifiers

PMID40614987
PMCPMC13222101

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.