ArticleMolecular cell2025
Reconciling competing models on the roles of condensates and soluble complexes in transcription factor function.
Article in Molecular cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- How do low-complexity domain interactions control transcription?Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Article
- Nonlinearities and Switch-Like Behavior in Gene Expression: From Genetics to Biochemistry and Back.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Differential condensation of FLO6 influences grain amylose synthesis in rice.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Polymers of Life: Exploring Cellular Function Through Polymer Concepts.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Proteasomal control of transcription factors: mechanisms, regulation and dysregulation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Density transitions in the regulation of transcription.Molecular cell · 2026Review
- Alternative Splicing: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Potential Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- Real-time visualization of reconstituted transcription reveals RNAPII activation mechanisms at single promoters.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Sequence-based prediction of intermolecular interactions driven by disordered regions.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Real-time visualization of reconstituted transcription reveals RNA polymerase II activation mechanisms at single promoters.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Phase separation regulates many biological processes, but the role of transcription factor (TF)-mediated condensates in gene regulation is contentious. We used Gcn4, a prototypical budding yeast TF, to assess two competing models for transcription activation, i.e., mediated via soluble complexes or through transcriptional condensates. We find that the ability of Gcn4 to form soluble complexes with coactivator subunit Med15 closely mirrors its propensity to recruit Med15 into condensates. Both properties are predictive of in vivo activity, cautioning against interpretation of mutational data without direct comparisons. Unexpectedly, Gcn4 variants with the highest affinities for Med15 do not function as per expectation. Instead, their lower activities reflect their ability to phase separate with Med15, suggesting that condensate formation tempers their activity. Our results show that TFs can function as soluble complexes as well as condensates, reconciling two seemingly opposing models, with implications for other phase-separating systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.