Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40614200›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Machining swarf formation-inspired fabrication of ferrofluidic helical miniature robots with multimodal locomotion capability.

Xinjian Fan, Qinkai Chen, Mingtong Li, Zhengnan Wu, Dingwen Tong, Hui Xie, Zhan Yang, Lining Sun, Metin Sitti

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A Magnetic-Driven Self-Rotation-Stabilized Miniature Swimming Robot.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Recent Advances in Collective Behaviors of Micro/Nanomotor Swarms.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinjian FanSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, No. 8, Jixue Road, Suzhou 215131, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8854-1287
Qinkai ChenSchool of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, No.1, Jiuyong West Road, Suzhou 215222, China.ORCID 0009-0003-8490-601X
Mingtong LiPhysical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1685-6052
Zhengnan WuSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, No. 8, Jixue Road, Suzhou 215131, China.
Dingwen TongSchool of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, No.1, Jiuyong West Road, Suzhou 215222, China.ORCID 0009-0006-5586-6102
Hui XieState Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Yikuang, Harbin 150080, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4299-2776
Zhan YangSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, No. 8, Jixue Road, Suzhou 215131, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3063-4819
Lining SunSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, No. 8, Jixue Road, Suzhou 215131, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9354-735X
Metin SittiPhysical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8249-3854

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Magnetic helical robots (MHRs) have shown notable potential for targeted therapy. However, traditional fabrication methods are usually complex and expensive, and the prepared MHR's locomotion is monotonous with limited capacity. Here, we present a cost-effective, customizable, and scalable fabrication craft of MHR, via using bent needle tips to engrave helical structures onto polymethyl methacrylate substrates and incorporating nanoparticle alignment strategies to create ferrofluidic helical miniature robots (FHMRs) with cross-scale size scopes. We then propose strategic magnetic driving methods that enable FHMRs with five powerful motion modes for negotiating various application scenarios. Experimental results show that FHMRs can move flexibly and effectively simulate thrombus removal within a vascular model by integrating multiple motion modes. Furthermore, modified FHMRs can swiftly deliver drugs to targeted areas, with the capability for phased release on surfaces of wrinkled physiological tissues. These advancements highlight the considerable potential of FHMRs for future applications in the biomedical field.

Identifiers

PMID40614200
PMCPMC12227062

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.