Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40614193›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Origin of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors: A candidate gene for invasion by the RAG transposon.

Martin F Flajnik, Robyn L Stanfield, Ana Verissimo, Harold R Neely, Antonio Muñoz-Mérida, Michael F Criscitiello, Ian A Wilson, Yuko Ohta

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. IMGTAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  4. Insights into cephalochordate genome and gene evolution from the early-diverging amphioxusProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Martin F FlajnikDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2792-5084
Robyn L StanfieldDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9521-9184
Ana VerissimoCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-3396-9822
Harold R NeelyDepartment of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9886-8419
Antonio Muñoz-MéridaCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-7173-2741
Michael F CriscitielloComparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4262-7832
Ian A WilsonDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6469-2419
Yuko OhtaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2348-9107

Funding

Determining the Origins of Nonclassical Class I molecules through Molecular and Functional ApproachesR01AI170844 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Erin June Adams, Martin F Flajnik · 2022 to 2026
$3.5M
Evolution of Adaptive ImmunityR01AI140326 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI FLAJNIK, MARTIN F · 2019 to 2022
$1.4M
Pilatus 6mS10OD021832 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI ADAMS, PAUL DAVID · 2016 to 2016
$980k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI140326NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170844NIH HHS S10 OD021832
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rearranging antigen receptors (AgRs) arose when a variable (V) domain exon was invaded by the recombination-activating gene (RAG) transposon ~500 million years ago. We show here that the elasmobranch immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) isotypes-IgM, IgW, and IgNAR-are linked near the αδ T cell receptor (TCRαδ) locus. This linkage presages the emergence of the osteichthyan IgH translocon arrangement and clarifies the relationship between IgH and TCRδs. Recently, we reported

Indexed as

DNA Transposable ElementsImmunoglobulinsReceptors, Antigen, T-CellAnimalsEvolution, MolecularMultigene FamilyPhylogenyDNA Transposable ElementsImmunoglobulinsReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Identifiers

PMID40614193
PMCPMC12227049

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.