ReviewAmino acids2025
Proteins and peptides as antigen candidates for the immunodiagnosis of hepatitis D.
Review in Amino acids, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Designing innovative, accurate, universal, and accessible diagnostic tests is mandatory to improve screening, prevention, and management of hepatitis D (HD), especially in endemic areas with poor infrastructure and restricted access to public health care. Recombinant proteins (RP), recombinant multiepitope proteins (RMP), and synthetic peptides have been extensively reported as tools for efficient immunodiagnosis of several diseases. This review aimed to discuss the use of these antigens for the immunodiagnosis of HD. To this end, a bibliographic study was conducted in the PubMed database by searching the primary ("Hepatitis D" and "Hepatitis Delta"), secondary ("Detection", "Diagno*", "Diagnosis", "Immunodiagnosis", and "Serodiagnosis"), and tertiary ("Chimera", "Epitope", "Peptide"; "Protein" and "Recombinant") descriptors, including papers published up to January 2025. Review articles and case reports were excluded. Only nine articles (five for RP, three for synthetic peptides, and one for RMP) met the inclusion criteria, revealing that there are very few studies on this subject, particularly when compared to the advances made in the diagnosis of hepatitis A, B, and C. Despite the scarcity of articles published in the literature, six of the nine analyzed studies corroborate the potential of these antigens to effectively replace traditional diagnostic methods, including development of rapid tests. These data highlight the need for further studies to assess the potential of RP, RMP, and synthetic peptides for immunodiagnosis of HD, aiming to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, as well as improve monitoring and prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.