ArticleiScience2025
Optical defocus affects differently ON and OFF visual pathways.
Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mesopic Illumination in Natural Environments: Implications for Myopia Research.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Selective i-wave attenuation in unilateral high myopia.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Comparable myopia control efficacy of highly aspherical lenslets and diffusion optics technology spectacle lenses: a one-year real-world cohort study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Orthokeratology outperforms myopia control spectacles in slowing myopia progression: a prospective comparative study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Optically Induced Peripheral Contrast Reduction Restores ON/OFF Pathway Balance in Myopic Eyes.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Human accommodative visuomotor function is driven by contrast through ON and OFF pathways and is enhanced in myopia.Cell reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human eye has a crystalline lens that focuses retinal images at different viewing distances. Optical defocus reduces the spatial resolution and contrast of these retinal images and spectacle lenses minify or magnify their size. Because light and dark stimuli are processed with ON and OFF pathways that have different spatial resolution, contrast sensitivity and size suppression, optical defocus, and image magnification should affect differently the two pathways. Our results provide support for this prediction. We show that optical defocus expands ON receptive fields while shrinking OFF receptive fields and decreases OFF more than ON pathway responses whereas magnification shrinks OFF more than ON receptive fields. These ON-OFF pathway modulations could be used during eye growth to optimize the size and brightness of retinal images by maximizing the retinal response, a mechanism that could be shared across species and may have implications in visual diseases such as myopia (nearsightedness).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.