ArticleSleep science and practice2025
Predicting subjective sleepiness during auditory cognitive testing using voice signaling analysis.
Article in Sleep science and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Unraveling the Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: To determine whether objective markers of sleepiness can be collected passively using voice data to detect sleepiness in individuals undergoing testing in situations where sleepiness is not the focal point of assessment. We assessed verbal reaction time (VRT) as a vocalic marker of subjective sleepiness in middle aged and older adults with history of insomnia and benzodiazepine-receptor-agonist (BZRA) use. Methods: Adults aged ≥55 without a diagnosis of dementia were recruited from a BZRA deprescribing clinical trial and enrolled in the present study that tested the feasibility of cognitive testing using out-of-office, self-directed mobile apps. Participants' working/episodic memory were assessed through recorded verbal responses to Verbal Paired Associates (VPA) tests, and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of self-reported sleepiness (1[not at all] to 4[more prominent]). Using a generalized additive model, we examined the association between VRT during VPA testing and self-reported sleepiness, adjusting for demographic, test parameters, caffeine intake, cognition, mood, and BZRA-use ( Results: We analyzed 1,513 observations from 16 patients. VRT was operationalized as the time duration between recording start time and first speech epoch. Longer VRTs were positively associated with greater EMA sleepiness ( Conclusions: Longer VRTs correlated with greater self-reported sleepiness, indicating that voice data can be used as a marker of sleepiness in patients undergoing cognitive testing in out-of-office settings. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41606-025-00141-y.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.