A sustainability trilogy approach for drought risk prevention: Case study in Indonesia.

Drought presents a major challenge to agriculture and rural livelihoods, particularly in countries like Indonesia, which feature diverse topography and unpredictable rainfall patterns. This study addresses the critical need for a sustainable approach to mitigate drought risks by employing a 'sustainability trilogy' approach that integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The research objectives are to: (1) identify potential risks and impacts of drought, (2) evaluate water management programmes and technologies to combat drought, and (3) apply the three pillars of sustainable development through the sustainability trilogy as a framework for drought disaster mitigation. A case study methodology was employed, focusing on Lombok, Indonesia, where water management systems and agricultural practices were examined. Data collection involved field observations, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with local farmers, irrigation managers, and community leaders. A thematic analysis combined with expert judgement analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of water conservation techniques, land management, and climate adaptation policies. The findings indicate that short-term solutions, such as optimising reservoirs and water storage systems, significantly reduce immediate drought impacts. Medium-term strategies, including community-driven water conservation efforts and sustainable land management practices, enhance resilience to drought. Long-term policies, such as climate adaptation initiatives and artificial rain technologies, are vital for ensuring sustainable water resource management in the context of climate change. Contribution: This research provides valuable insights and a practical framework for policymakers, aimed at strengthening water resilience, agriculture, and community sustainability in drought-prone regions.