SynthesisContact dermatitis2025
Nickel Allergy and Piercings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Contact dermatitis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nickel Allergy and Piercings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Contact dermatitis · 2025Pooled it
- Gold and Nickel Release From Gold-Plated Earrings Under Cysteine-Modified Artificial Sweat Conditions.Contact dermatitis · 2026Article
- Contact Sensitisation Trends in Slovenian Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study.Contact dermatitis · 2026Article
- Clinical Factors Associated With Current Relevance in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Development of Predictive Models Based on Data From the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Register (REIDAC).Contact dermatitis · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nickel is the most frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis in Europe and worldwide despite 20 years of regulation. The aim of this study is to systematically assess (i) the risk of nickel allergy associated with piercings and (ii) the proportion of earrings for piercings on the market that release excessive amounts of nickel. The databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. Regarding (i): nickel allergy was significantly associated with piercings in the general population (OR 5.9 [95% CI: 3.6-9.4], n = 5333) and in dermatitis patients (OR: 3.6 [95% CI: 2.3-5.8], n = 20 330). The etiological fraction was 82% (95% CI: 55.2%-92.8%) and 69.7% (95% CI: 62.7%-75.3%), respectively. Regarding (ii): critical nickel release, as determined by dimethylglyoxime (DMG) screening, was identified in 11.3% of European earrings, while a much higher proportion was found in earrings from Asia (34.5%) and North America (31.1%). Of concern, as determined by EN1811, 24.7% of European earrings intended for piercing exceeded regulatory limits. In conclusion, piercing poses a significant risk factor for nickel allergy and a large proportion of earrings still release nickel in amounts that may result in nickel allergy and allergic nickel dermatitis. Stricter enforcement of existing regulations and consideration of new measures are essential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.