Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40611198›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2025

Information sources as determinants of use of formal long-term care: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan.

Yu-Hung Chang, Chia-Hui Hsu, Yu-Chun Tseng, Wan-Chun Yang, Hung-Yi Chiou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yu-Hung ChangInstitute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan. yuhungc@nhri.edu.tw.
Chia-Hui HsuInstitute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
Yu-Chun TsengInstitute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
Wan-Chun YangInstitute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
Hung-Yi ChiouInstitute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan. hychiou@nhri.edu.tw.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAn ageing population has heightened the need for long-term care (LTC) access. It is not well understood how information sources, both formal and informal, impact the utilisation of LTC. This study aims to investigate the influence of formal and informal sources on the utilisation of LTC services by Taiwanese families employing migrant live-in caregivers.

methodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design and used a structured telephone survey to collect data from 441 registered employers from households employing migrant caregivers. This included 216 families using LTC and 225 not using LTC. We collected data on the characteristics of employers and care recipients, as well as LTC-related information sources. Our formal sources (FS) included government promotional events, LTC community site volunteers, healthcare providers, and local LTC management centres, while informal sources (IS) comprised community leaders, friends and relatives, TV, print media, internet, and patient support groups. We assessed perceived information gaps by asking questions about reasons for not using LTC. We used logistic regressions to analyse the associations of FS and IS with LTC use, employer and care recipient characteristics, and perceived information gaps.

resultsA higher number of FS was positively associated with LTC usage, while an increase in IS was negatively associated. FS and IS were associated with employer socio-demographics such as gender, education level, and care recipient factors, including living arrangements and care needs. FS reduced perceived information gaps, but IS did not.

conclusionsInformation sources significantly influence the use of LTC among families employing migrant caregivers. Our findings suggest that LTC authorities should implement strategies to enhance the accessibility of formal information sources, while also leveraging informal sources more effectively to support accurate and timely LTC decisions for these families and the wider public.

Indexed as

CaregiversLong-Term CareTransients and MigrantsAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInformation SourcesMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesTaiwanInformation sourcesLong-term careMigrant caregiversUtilisation

Identifiers

PMID40611198
PMCPMC12225371

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.