Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40611107›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2025

Pharmacist-driven mobile health clinics: a qualitative analysis of logistics for program development, implementation, and operation.

Erin E Miller, Sarah Schweitzer, Alex W Middendorf, Deidra Van Gilder, James W Amell, Patricia Ahmed, Stephanie Hanson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Erin E MillerCollege of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Allied & Population Health, South Dakota State University, Box 2202C, University Station, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. Erin.Miller@sdstate.edu.
Sarah SchweitzerCollege of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Allied & Population Health, South Dakota State University, Box 2202C, University Station, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
Alex W MiddendorfCollege of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Pharmacy Clinical, South Dakota State University, Box 2202C, University Station, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
Deidra Van GilderCollege of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Pharmacy Clinical, South Dakota State University, Box 2202C, University Station, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
James W AmellCollege of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Allied & Population Health, South Dakota State University, Box 2202C, University Station, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
Patricia AhmedSchool of Psychology, Sociology, and Rural Studies, South Dakota State University, Box 670A, University Station, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
Stephanie HansonCollege of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Allied & Population Health, South Dakota State University, Box 2202C, University Station, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.

Funding

CDC HHS 5 NU58DP007438-02-00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccess to healthcare remains a major issue in the United States, particularly in rural communities. Mobile health clinics (MHCs), including those utilizing a pharmacist-driven model, are one effective solution to address access-related barriers. To our knowledge, limited information is available to aid in the development, implementation, and operation of a pharmacist-driven MHC model. This project aims to fill this gap by exploring the characteristics of existing pharmacist-driven MHCs.

methodsThis project used semi-structured interviews, guided by a 23-item interview guide, conducted with groups and individuals from pharmacist-driven mobile health programs to identify logistics for the development of a pharmacist-driven MHC model. Fifteen pharmacist-driven MHCs that met the inclusion criteria were identified through a web-based search. Of these, eight programs agreed to participate (53%). An additional two programs were identified through snowball sampling, for a total of ten participating programs. Prior to the interview, programs completed a 14-item intake questionnaire to allow for adaptation of the interview guide. Interview data was analyzed using a mixed deductive (hypothesis-driven) strategy, in which four areas of inquiry, logistics, partnerships, outcomes, and lessons learned, were identified through a literature review process and guided the analysis. In this manuscript we focus on program logistics.

resultsSixteen participants from ten pharmacist-driven MHCs completed an interview. Six subthemes were identified related to program logistics: (1) programs exist to increase access to care; (2) programs have an awareness of scope/role; (3) programs identify and meet community needs; (4) programs meet patients' needs; (5) programs have a small staff with large volunteer-base; and (6) programs have a three-step clinical workflow.

conclusionsBy utilizing the MHC model, pharmacists may be better able to address health gaps while leveraging existing resources, and providing services tailored to the needs of the patients within a community. These findings may be used as a guide for the development, implementation, and operation of current and future pharmacy-driven MHC programs.

Indexed as

Mobile Health UnitsPharmacistsFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicProfessional RoleProgram DevelopmentQualitative ResearchUnited StatesAccess to careDisease managementLogisticsMobile clinicPharmacistProgram developmentUnderserved populations

Identifiers

PMID40611107
PMCPMC12226912

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.