ArticleBMC public health2025
Prevalence and trends of coexisting forms of malnutrition and its associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in South and Southeast Asia, 1996-2022: a cross-sectional time series study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dietary diversity and the triple burden of malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in 62 low- and middle-income countries: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Review
- Assessment of infant and child feeding index and nutritional status among children aged 6-36 months in Kabul, Afghanistan.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Article
- Observational
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSouth and Southeast Asia face severe malnutrition in children under five, with coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM) exacerbating mortality risks and posing greater challenges than isolated forms of malnutrition. We aimed to assess the prevalence, trends, and factors of CFM among children aged 6-59 months in South and Southeast Asian countries and the entire region.
methodsWe used anthropometric and hemoglobin data from 515,170 children aged 6-59 months in seven low- and middle-income South and Southeast Asian countries, based on Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1996 and 2022. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with seven forms of CFM: coexistence of underweight with wasting, coexistence of underweight with stunting, coexistence of underweight with both wasting and stunting, coexistence of stunting with overweight/obesity (CSO), coexistence of anemia with overweight/obesity, coexistence of anemia with underweight, and coexistence of anemia with stunting (CAS).
resultsThe overall pooled prevalence of child CFM ranged from 0.8% for CSO to 23.4% for CAS. Most countries showed a declining trend in CFM, except for Timor-Leste, India, and the Maldives. Higher maternal education and being male were associated with lower odds of CFM. Compared to children aged 6-23 months, those aged 24-59 months had a higher risk of CUS but a lower risk of CSO and CAO. Children in India had higher odds of experiencing CAU and CAS compared to those in the Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, and Timor-Leste.
conclusionThe coexistence of undernutrition and/or anemia in South and Southeast Asia remains a public health problem. Although the prevalence of child CFM has decreased in most countries, it remains higher in Timor-Leste and India. It is necessary to consider multi-faceted nutritional interventions for children with CFM in this region, taking into account the impact of children's gender, age, and maternal education, to further reduce child CFM.
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