SynthesisBMC public health2025
Comparative effectiveness and immunogenicity of single-dose and multi-dose human papillomavirus vaccination: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The population impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on cancer and pre-cancer outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- HPV vaccination beyond primary prevention: survey of practices and attitudes of Polish obstetrician-gynecologists.BMC cancer · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAdministering a single dose of the human papillomavirus vaccine substantially reduces costs and simplifies distribution. However, due to inconsistent findings in the existing research, there is an ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of a single-dose HPV vaccine regimen. Therefore, this systematic review investigated the effects of different HPV vaccine administration frequencies.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search in the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE (accessed via PubMed), and CINAHL databases using MeSH and Emtree terms, with the assistance of a professional librarian. We included articles published until April 2024 without restrictions on publication year. We independently performed screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using the Risk of Bias 2 for randomized controlled trial. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.
resultsSix publications derived from four unique randomized controlled trials were included in this review. These studies reported on immunogenicity outcomes from 6 to 132 months after HPV vaccination. Although the total number of participants across studies was 29,415, some studies reported overlapping cohorts and the sample size should not be interpreted as additive. Reported geometric mean concentrations (GMC) for single-dose recipients ranged from 2.17 to 176 EU/mL, and for three-dose recipients from 7.92 to 1045.37 EU/mL, depending on the vaccine type, assay, and follow-up time point. The HPV infection incidence rates were 0.0%-1.8% and 0.0%-0.9%, whereas vaccine efficacy was 53.9%-100.0% and 72.6%-100.0% for 1 and 3 doses, respectively.
conclusionsThe findings indicate that, although single-dose vaccination generates lower antibody levels, it still offers substantial protection against HPV infection. This suggests that a single-dose approach could serve as a practical and cost-effective alternative in resource-constrained settings, addressing economic and logistical challenges associated with multi-dose schedules.
trial registrationPROSPERO registration ID # CRD42024509046.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.