ArticleSe pu = Chinese journal of chromatography2025
[Preparation and chromatographic performance evaluation of hydrophilic interaction chromatography stationary phase based on amino acids].
Article in Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
To overcome current limitations in polar compound separation and better understand hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography （HILIC） retention mechanisms， we designed and synthesized two novel amino acid-functionalized stationary phases using highly hydrophilic L-hydroxyproline and L-proline as modifiers through a continuous solid-liquid reaction method. The synthesized stationary phases were thoroughly characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）， thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）， and elemental analysis. Comparative elemental analysis revealed a substantial increase in carbon （C）， hydrogen （H）， and nitrogen （N） contents in both L-hydroxyproline-functionalized （L-OH-PSil） and L-proline-functionalized （L-PSil）stationary phases relative to the cyanuric chloride-bonded aminopropyl silica gel （TCT-Sil） intermediate， confirming successful functionalization. Quantitative analysis demonstrated distinct ligand densities for each phase， with L-OH-PSil exhibiting a higher loading （0.193 mmol/g） compared to L-PSil （0.178 mmol/g）. Thermal stability assessments indicated both materials maintained excellent structural integrity across a wide temperature range （20-600 ℃）， as evidenced by TGA results. To explore the chromatographic separation performance of the prepared L-OH-PSil and L-PSil stationary phases， sulfonamides were selected as solutes， and preliminary chromatographic separation investigations were conducted. The sulfonamide compounds exhibited excellent separation efficiency on both stationary phases， with retention behavior following consistent elution orders strongly correlated with analyte polarity. This observed retention pattern strongly suggested hydrophilic interactions constituted the predominant retention mechanism between the amino acid-functionalized stationary phases and sulfonamide analytes. Further supporting this conclusion， a systematic decrease in retention factors （lg
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