ArticleMikrochimica acta2025
High-sensitivity detection of norfloxacin in milk and water: a bismuth-based photoelectrochemical aptasensing platform.
Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A novel photoelectrochemical determination method for norfloxacin (NOR) is presented using binary bismuth-based composites doped with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). By combining two bismuth-based materials, we developed a sensitive photoelectrochemical aptamer sensing platform in which the NOR-specific aptamer was immobilized on a binary bismuth-based composite doped with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). This platform utilizes a target-aptamer-specific recognition reaction to detect NOR levels. Spectral analysis of the bismuth composites indicated that the interaction between Bi₂Se₃ and Bi₂S₃ follows a 'Type Z' electron transfer pattern, while Au NPs enhance the signal through surface plasmon resonance effects. NOR was detected linearly over a range of 0.001 to 100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL. The method demonstrated excellent specificity and was successfully applied to determine NOR concentrations in spiked tap water and milk samples. Recovery ranged from 96.7 to 110.3%, with relative standard deviations not exceeding 2.3%. These findings suggest that the developed sensor has significant potential for detecting NOR in dairy products and domestic water sources.
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