ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2025
Gardenia-derived extracellular vesicles exert therapeutic effects on dopaminergic neuron apoptosis-mediated Parkinson's disease.
Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Natural Neurobiological Active Compounds in Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Targets, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Past, Present, and Future of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Triple identity of medicinal plant-derived extracellular vesicles.Protoplasma · 2026Review
- Isolation, Characterization, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging cardioprotective agents for cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Medicinal Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles: From Basic Research to Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Pomegranate peel-derived exosome-like nanoparticles: A discarded treasure trove for colorectal cancer treatment.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Chaetoglobosin F Attenuates Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans by Regulating Autophagy and Oxidative Stress Via the Insulin/IGF-1 and p38 MAPK Pathways.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Exercise suppresses apoptosis for alleviating Parkinson's disease: effects on pathophysiological molecular pathways.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- An optimized protocol for plant extracellular vesicles isolation from Ophiopogon japonicus root: a comparative evaluation based on miRNA cargo.Plant methods · 2025Article
- The Use of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine Applied to Cutaneous Wound Healing.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: A Promising Therapeutic for Neurological Disorders and Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Exercise modulation of BDNF/TrkB signaling in Parkinson's disease: an evidence-calibrated review of neuroprotective mechanisms, biomarker limitations, and translational gaps.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show health benefits. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, known for its neuroprotective properties, lacks therapeutic investigation on gardenia-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs). This study investigated the value of GDEVs in Parkinson's disease (PD) using rotenone (Rot)-induced Parkinsonism models in dopaminergic PC12 neuron cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. PD features apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons, while GDEVs alleviate PD by mitigating mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Specifically, GDEVs improve Rot-induced mitochondrial dysfunction to reduce cytochrome C release and apoptosis. Consequently, GDEVs reduce the risk of PD by lowering α-synuclein levels and regulating dopamine release. RNA sequencing and subsequent studies showed that GDEVs reduce p38 MAPK and p53 phosphorylation levels, and increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to prevent apoptosis in PC12 cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we verified that GDEVs reduce PD progression by increasing dopaminergic neurons using BZ555 mutants, and enhance dopamine release and motility. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of GDEVs in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.