ArticlePloS one2025
Intrauterine growth restriction and its associated factors in Tehran, comparing 3 common standards.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The risk of late-onset fetal growth restriction and unfavorable neonatal outcomes among fetuses within the 10th-25th weight percentile: a prospective cohort study.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Article
- From Preconception to Postnatal: Parental Risk Factors for Fetal-Infant Growth Faltering in LMICs-a Scoping Review (2020-2025).Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSeveral standard charts have been proposed for the diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) at birth but no global or national consensus exists on using any of them. We aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of IUGR in Tehran using 3 common standards and identify the associated factors.
methodsUsing the Iranian Maternal and Neonatal Network registry, we extracted the data of all singleton live births in Tehran province of Iran in 2018 to eliminate the possible confounding effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We defined IUGR as having a birth weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age using 3 standards including World Health Organization's and INTERGROWTH-21st charts and the same population's 10th percentiles. Logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors.
resultsThere were 187031 singleton live births. The prevalence of IUGR using WHO, INTERGROWTH-21st, and the population's 10th percentile was 11.8, 4.2, and 9.7 percent respectively; Among these, 7681 cases (4.1%) were identified by all 3. Neonatal trisomy 21, maternal addiction, eclampsia/pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, history of abortion, Primigravidity, being older than 35 yrs. and parental consanguinity were positively associated with IUGR where mother's gestational diabetes, higher education level, delivering the baby in a private hospital and living in Paakdasht or Shahryar cities were inversely associated with IUGR.
conclusionThe IUGR prevalence highly depended on the standards used ranging from 4.2 to 11.8%, showing a great need for a global consensus. Neonatal trisomy 21, maternal addiction and eclampsia/pre-eclampsia had the strongest positive associations with IUGR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.