Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40608193›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2025

Suboptimal Patient-Provider Communication About Undetectable = Untransmittable and HIV Transmission Risk in Australia and the US.

Sarah K Calabrese, Martin Holt, David A Kalwicz, Justino J Flores, Kaosisochukwu C Onochie, Benjamin R Bavinton, Bridget Haire, Anthony K J Smith, James MacGibbon, Loren Brener and 4 more

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Article in AIDS and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sarah K CalabreseDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2013 H Street NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA. skcalabrese@gwu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-0208
Martin HoltCentre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
David A KalwiczDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2013 H Street NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA.
Justino J FloresDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2013 H Street NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA.
Kaosisochukwu C OnochieDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2013 H Street NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA.
Benjamin R BavintonKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Bridget HaireKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Anthony K J SmithCentre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
James MacGibbonCentre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Loren BrenerCentre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Timothy R BroadyCentre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
John RuleNational Association of People with HIV Australia, Newtown, NSW, Australia.
Bruce RichmanPrevention Access Campaign, New York, NY, USA.
Carla TreloarCentre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) campaign aims to raise global awareness that people living with HIV whose viral load is undetectable cannot sexually transmit HIV. Healthcare providers are uniquely positioned to disseminate the U = U message. Our study explored patient-provider communication about U = U and HIV risk from the perspectives of gay, bisexual, and other men living with HIV (MLHIV) and healthcare providers engaged in HIV treatment and prevention service delivery. We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with key informants recruited through HIV community-based and professional organizations in Australia (n = 20) and the US (n = 20). Key informants included 20 MLHIV and 20 providers. Data were analyzed thematically. MLHIV were cisgender men aged 29-67 years (M[SD] = 52[13.1]). Providers were cisgender adults aged 30-65 years (M[SD] = 38[9.0]). MLHIV preferred that providers use clear and direct language to explain U = U. When prompted to explain U = U as they would to patients, 8 of 10 Australian and 4 of 10 US providers used language consistent with those preferences. MLHIV, especially US MLHIV, reported that their providers' explanation of the U = U message was often absent, ambiguous, or inaccurate in practice. Such suboptimal communication aligned with the skepticism about U = U and concerns about patient behavior (e.g., adherence) expressed by several providers in the study. Providers relayed multiple reservations regarding new World Health Organization recommendations about informing patients that low-level viremia (detectable viral load ≥ copies/mL) conferred "almost zero" risk. Many Australian and US providers would benefit from training developed in collaboration with people living with HIV to improve patient-provider communication about U = U and HIV transmission risk.

Indexed as

CommunicationHealth PersonnelHIV InfectionsProfessional-Patient RelationsAdultAgedAustraliaFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSexual and Gender MinoritiesUnited StatesHealth communicationHealth personnelHIVSexual and gender minoritiesSustained virologic responseTreatment as prevention (TasP)Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U)

Identifiers

PMID40608193
PMCPMC12500788

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.