ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2025
Diverse hosts, diverse immune systems: Evolutionary variation in bat immunology.
Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protocol for collection and generation of bat primary lung and kidney cells.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Interacting effects of sex and age on immune responses in a polygynous bat with male-biased mortality.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Adapting flow cytometry for studying immune cell seasonality in wild migratory bats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mismatched and underrepresented: bat-virus diversity and phylogeographic bias in experimental infection studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Contrasting phagocyte respiratory burst responses in two European bat species during hibernation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Effect of Venipuncture Site on Hematology of Bats: Implications for Comparative Analyses.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Article
- Proteomic Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility in Mexican Free-tailed Bats and Their Application to Viral Surveillance.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Article
- Viral epidemic potential is not uniformly distributed across the bat phylogeny.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Habitat and seasonal drivers of leukocyte profiles within and across Neotropical bat species.Biology letters · 2025Article
- Diverse hosts, diverse immune systems: Evolutionary variation in bat immunology.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ability of multiple bat species to host zoonotic pathogens without often showing disease has fostered a growing interest in bat immunology to discover the ways immune systems may differ between bats and other vertebrates. However, interspecific variation in immunological diversity among bats has only begun to be recognized. The order Chiroptera accounts for over 20% of all mammalian species and shows extreme diversity in a suite of correlated ecological traits, such that bats should not be expected to be immunologically homogenous. We review the ecological and evolutionary diversity of chiropteran hosts and highlight case studies emphasizing the range of immune strategies thus far observed across bat species, including responses to SARS-CoV-2. Next, we synthesize and propose hypotheses to explain this immunological diversity, focusing on pathogen exposure, biogeography, host energetics, and environmental stability. We then analyze immunology-related citations across bat species to motivate discussions of key research priorities. Broad sampling is needed to remedy current biases, as only a fraction of bat species has been immunologically studied. Such work should integrate methodological advancements, in vitro and in vivo studies, and phylogenetic comparative methods to robustly test evolutionary hypotheses and understand the drivers and consequences of immunological diversity among bats.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.