Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40607584›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2025

Dark Future: Development and Initial Validation of Artificial Intelligence Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (AICBS).

Chung-Ying Lin, Julia Brailovskaia, Servet Üztemur, Ali Gökalp, Nail Değirmenci, Po-Ching Huang, I-Hua Chen, Mark D Griffiths, Amir H Pakpour

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chung-Ying LinInstitute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-4242
Julia BrailovskaiaMental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Servet ÜztemurDepartment of Turkish and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-9123
Ali GökalpDepartment of Educational Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye.
Nail DeğirmenciInstitute of Educational Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Po-Ching HuangDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-2246
I-Hua ChenChinese Academy of Education Big Data, Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-6406
Mark D GriffithsInternational Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
Amir H PakpourDepartment of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the past few years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its success in many areas of everyday life have attracted global attention. Some discussions have noted that generative AI tools can make decisions on their own with the potential to improve themselves. Subsequently, conspiracy theories have emerged concerning the future implications of AI. In the present study, the Artificial Intelligence Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (AICBS) was developed to assess conspiracy beliefs concerning AI, andits psychometric properties were examined.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with 788 Turkish participants (M

resultsThe five-factor structure explained 62.58% of the total variance. The CFA showed acceptable model fit indices and confirmed the EFA's five-factor structure. Based on the EFA's factor loadings, a short five-item version of the AICBS (AICBS-5) was developed with one item from each subdimension (which explained 45.28% of the variance). The CFA confirmed the unidimensional structure of the AICBS-5. The internal consistency coefficients of the AICBS, its subdimensions, and the AICBS-5 demonstrated very good reliability. Correlation analyses with external criterion measures (AI Anxiety Scale, Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale-5, and Anomie) supported the concurrent validity of the AICBS, its subdimensions, and the AICBS-5.

conclusionThe findings demonstrate that both AICBS and AICBS-5 are valid and reliable psychometric instruments to assess AI conspiracy beliefs.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligencePsychometricsAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTurkeyYoung Adultartificial intelligenceartificial intelligence conspiracy theoriesconspiracy theoriesgenerative artificial intelligencepsychometric testingscale development

Identifiers

PMID40607584
PMCPMC12224044

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.