Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40607096›Full record

ArticleMateria socio-medica2025

Rusty Pipe Syndrome: a Rare Syndrome During Breast Feeding-Our Experience.

Georgios Iatrakis, Stefanos Zervoudis, Panagiotis Eskitzis, Vasiliki Michou, Anisa Markja, Panagiotis Peitsidis, Aristidis Tzeferakos, Panagiotis Tsikouras

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Article in Materia socio-medica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Georgios IatrakisDepartment of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
Stefanos ZervoudisDepartment of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece; Department of Gynecology, Rea Hospital, Athens Greece.
Panagiotis EskitzisDepartment of Midwifery, School of Healthcare Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse, Ptolemaida, Greece.
Vasiliki MichouDepartment of Midwifery, School of Healthcare Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse, Ptolemaida, Greece.
Anisa MarkjaDepartment of Gynecology, Rea Hospital, Athens Greece.
Panagiotis PeitsidisDepartment of Gynecology, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Aristidis TzeferakosDepartment of Gynecology, Rea Hospital, Athens Greece.
Panagiotis TsikourasDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The presence of blood in breast milk gives it a rusty or brownish color, which is referred to as "Rusty Pipe Syndrome (RPS)". Objective: This study presents case reports to raise awareness about RPS and examine differences from existing literature. Methods: Data from six cases with confirmed RPS were collected from Rea Maternity Hospital in Athens, Greece and Alexandroupolis General University Hospital in Alexandroupolis, Greece, from March 2020 until July 2024. Results: Six women aged 25 to 36, experienced RPS during breastfeeding. The majority of them had no previous birth history (83%), were primigravida (83%) and had bilateral presence of blood in the milk (67%), with symptoms appeared on the second postpartum day (50%). Conclusion: Based on extensive studies and literature reviews, RPS is generally considered a benign condition, typically presenting bilaterally. However, unilateral cases, such as those observed in our study, are rare.

Indexed as

BreastfeedingCase ReportsPostpartum PeriodRusty Pipe Syndrome

Identifiers

PMID40607096
PMCPMC12212226

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