Differences Between Smokers and Non-Smokers Undergoing Surgery for Anterior Shoulder Instability in the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Cohort.

Background: The purpose of this study was to better understand the prevalence and implications of smoking status on patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery. In particular, we wanted to test the hypothesis that smokers were more likely to undergo glenoid bone augmentation procedures. Methods: The present study included all patients 12 to 66 years of age undergoing surgery for anterior shoulder instability in the MOON Shoulder Instability cohort. Analysis was done to determine the prevalence of smokers within the cohort and to determine the relationship of smoking with undergoing a glenoid bone augmentation surgery like the Latarjet. Results: There were 61 smokers (4.8%) among 1267 patients undergoing anterior shoulder instability surgery in our cohort. Smoking was associated with older age, higher BMI, socioeconomic status as determined by DCI score, and minority status. Smokers were more likely to higher number of dislocation events prior to surgery. Although it did not reach significant smokers had a higher percentage of patients with glenoid bone loss. Logistic regression modeling showed that smoking and higher number of dislocation events were statistically associated with undergoing a glenoid bony augmentation surgery such as Latarjet. Conclusion: The study determined the prevalence of smoking in a large shoulder instability cohort to be 4.8%. Multi-variate analysis demonstrated that smoking and at least 3 dislocation events were statistically associated with undergoing a glenoid bony augmentation surgery.