ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025
TIM4+macrophages suppress the proinflammatory response to maintain the chronic alveolar echinococcosis infection.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Alveolar Echinococcosis in the Early 2020s: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Polarization of Hepatic Macrophages in Alveolar Echinococcosis and Its Role in Remodeling the Immune Microenvironment.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Elevated serum TIM4 is associated with disease severity and serves as a potential predictive biomarker in chronic hepatitis B.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Redefining cell therapy: CAR-engineered innate immune cells to conquer solid and hematologic malignancies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Strategies to promote liver fibrosis amelioration with involvement of restorative macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- GHSR and TLR4 collectively promote hepatic inflammation and aberrant repair in alveolar echinococcosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Network Fragmentation Leads to Dysfunction of Macrophages DuringPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- TIM-4 Regulates Allergic Airway Inflammation and Mast Cell Activation by Binding to CD300b.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a severe zoonotic disease predominantly endemic to pastoral regions, is characterized by hepatic parasitic lesions caused by Methods: This study investigated the role of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-4 (TIMD4/Tim-4) in patients with hepatic AE. In total, 129 patients were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 1 March 2018 and 1 March 2021. Histological, genetic, and serological tests were employed to evaluate Tim-4 and inflammatory cytokine expression. The liver immune microenvironment at the middle and late stages of mice infected with Results: Clinical analysis revealed the upregulation of Tim-4 within the hepatic lesions of patients with AE, with its expression spatially localized to macrophage-enriched regions and functionally linked to extracellular inflammatory modulation. Meanwhile, the liver tissues of the patients had characteristic pathological changes in the vesicles and progressive fibrotic remodeling, concurrent with a significant suppression of proinflammatory cytokine activity. Tim-4+ macrophages inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines at the middle and late stages of Conclusions: Tim-4 attenuated the predominant proinflammatory response, thereby facilitating immune evasion by
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.