ArticlePhenomics (Cham, Switzerland)2025
Causal Assessment of Phenotypic Risk Factors with Keratinocyte Carcinoma.
Article in Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Previous observational and genomic-wide association studies (GWAS) suggested the association between several phenotypic factors and keratinocyte carcinoma, including lifestyle and dietary, photodamage-related conditions and socioeconomic status. The causal effect of these phenotypic factors in keratinocytes carcinoma etiology remains unclear. In this study, we utilized two-sample mendelian randomization analysis from multiple large-scale GWAS datasets of keratinocytes carcinoma including more than 300,000 patients. Genetic instrumental variables (IVs) were constructed by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associate with corresponding factors. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and four robust MR approaches, including weighted median estimator, MR-Egger regression, simple mode and weighted mode were implemented for causal inferences and assess the sensitivity across findings. In this analysis, ease of skin tanning was identified as casual protective factor of keratinocyte carcinoma (Basal cell carcinoma: IVW OR = 0.718, 95% CI 0.654-0.788, Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-024-00174-w.
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