ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2025
Encephalitis in Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent Patients: A Comparative Study.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cryptococcal Meningitis: Comparison of Short- (≤ 1 Week) Versus Longer-duration (> 1 Week) Liposomal Amphotericin B Induction Therapy and Factors Associated With Clinical Outcomes in HIV and Non-HIV Patients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Repeat Lumbar Puncture in Adults With Encephalitis: Patient Characteristics, Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics, and Diagnostic Yield.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Nationwide Analysis of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Encephalitis-Related Diagnoses in Ecuador.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Adults With Encephalitis: A Retrospective Study.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Encephalitis is characterized by brain parenchymal inflammation caused by infection or autoimmunity. There are limited recent data on how immunocompromised patients with encephalitis differ from the general encephalitis population. Methods: This retrospective study of 2 large medical institutions compares clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with all-cause encephalitis. Results: Of the 657 patients, 151 (23%) were immunocompromised. Immunocompromised patients were more likely to have an infectious etiology, comorbidities, inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile, abnormal neuroimaging, and worse clinical outcomes as assessed by discharge Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and in-hospital mortality (all Conclusions: Immunocompromised patients with encephalitis have differing causes, atypical clinical presentations, higher in-hospital mortality, and distinct factors associated with poor outcome as compared with immunocompetent patients. While HSV and opportunistic infections cause encephalitis in the immunocompromised, the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis should also be considered and can be checkpoint inhibitor associated.
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