Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40605992›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-catalyzed polymer-enzyme-drug conjugate enhances penetration and suppression in oral squamous cell carcinoma via transdermal application.

Xinyu Zhou, Yiyi Zhang, Jianjun Xiong, Yibin Dai, Fangxing Zhu, Hongtao Sun, Dongwang Zhu, Yingying Huang, Yiran Tan, Xinxia Zhou and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xinyu ZhouDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Yiyi ZhangShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Jianjun XiongDepartment of Stomatology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Yibin DaiDepartment of Stomatology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Fangxing ZhuDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Hongtao SunShandong Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250001, China.
Dongwang ZhuDepartment of Stomatology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Yingying HuangDepartment of Stomatology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Yiran TanDepartment of Stomatology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Xinxia ZhouDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Tongchao ZhaoDepartment of Stomatology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Laiping ZhongDepartment of Stomatology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Yichuan PangDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
Zhihang ZhouDepartment of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the past century, the treatment of superficial malignant tumors has largely remained within systemic therapies. The major drawback of systemic administration lies in its limited killing effects specifically to superficial tumors while causing potentially severe damage to other organs. Currently, transdermal drug administration for superficial tumors is still minimal, primarily constrained by the poor permeability and specificity in tumorous/precancerous tissue. In this study, we develop an ADC-like nano-medicine utilizing cationization-induced endocytosis and transcytosis. A γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-catalyzed polymer-drug conjugate with MMAE payload is synthesized to treat a variety of cancers with elevated GGT expression. For the first time, this research develops a conjugate treating superficial malignant tumors by transdermal administration and names it gaOCD (GGT enzyme-activated oral coating chemotherapeutic drug). Given the superficial nature and the high GGT expression level, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is used as a representative to evaluate the efficacy of gaOCD. The electroneutral gaOCD could be cleaved by the highly expressed GGT on OSCC cell membranes. Furthermore, some cationized gaOCD is exocytosed and internalized by neighboring cancer cells to enable deep penetration. The conjugate demonstrates promising anti-tumor efficacy and biosafety when transdermally applied on 4NQO-induced OSCC and intravenously medicated in OSCC transplanted mouse models.

Indexed as

Antibody-enzyme conjugatesGGTNano-medicineOral squamous cell carcinomaTumor penetration

Identifiers

PMID40605992
PMCPMC12213271

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.