ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025
Developing an NT3-loaded exosomal biodegradable conductive hydrogel combined with EA for targeted treatment of spinal cord injury.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electroacupuncture-modulated DHCR24 facilitates spinal cord injury recovery by attenuating apoptosis and neuroinflammation via the Wnt signaling pathway.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- The potential mechanisms and regulatory roles of exosomal miRNA in neural repair after spinal cord injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes permanent sensory and motor function loss below the injury site, with limited treatment options. Conductive hydrogels have shown promise for SCI repair due to their electrical and mechanical properties, while neurotrophic factors and extracellular vesicles exhibit anti-inflammatory and neurorestorative effects. This study developed a dual-loaded conductive hydrogel (Exo-N/NT3@ICH) containing both neurotrophic factors and extracellular vesicles and evaluated its efficacy combined with electroacupuncture (EA) for SCI treatment. The hydrogel was synthesized through Schiff base reactions using oxidized hyaluronic acid and aniline trimer, creating a physically crosslinked, injectable conductive matrix. Assessments examined the hydrogel's morphology, mechanical and electrical properties, swelling, degradation, drug release, and electrochemical behaviour. In vitro and in vivo studies further investigated its biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory effects, and pro-angiogenic potential. Results showed that Exo-N/NT3@ICH enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation through its conductivity, controlled release, and antioxidant properties. In a rat SCI model, the hydrogel improved functional outcomes, attributed to its neurotrophic and neuroregenerative effects. This study highlights Exo-N/NT3@ICH, when combined with EA, as a potential injectable therapeutic system to promote neurogenesis and tissue regeneration after SCI.
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Registered trials
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