ArticleContact dermatitis2025
The Carba Mix-In Vitro Investigations of Potential Cocktail Effects in Patch Tests With Rubber Allergens.
Article in Contact dermatitis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent advances in immunocompetent human skin-on-chip models: Construction strategies and biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- The Carba Mix-In Vitro Investigations of Potential Cocktail Effects in Patch Tests With Rubber Allergens.Contact dermatitis · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe carba mix is used to screen rubber chemical allergy and consists of three rubber sensitising chemicals: 1% (w/w) zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC), 1% (w/w) zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) and 1% (w/w) 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), all in petrolatum. However, carba mix patch test results can be difficult to interpret, which may be linked to so-called 'cocktail' effects.
objectivesThe carba mix was used as a 'model mixture' to better understand human reactions observed in clinical patch testing.
methodsWe investigated the responses of a human cell model resembling dendritic cells to the carba mix single constituents ZDEC, ZDBC and DPG and to predefined mixtures capturing the molar composition of the carba mix using transcriptomic approaches and immunological and biochemical assays.
resultsWe detected unique cell responses to individual chemicals, where DPG was inducing ROS production and affecting autophagic flux. The combination of ZDEC, ZDBC and DPG induced higher levels of IL-8 secretion than expected based on the IL-8 levels in response to single chemical exposures.
conclusionsThe data collected in this study support the hypothesis that the carba mix can give rise to cocktail effects. Considering exposure profiles, patch testing with separate carba mix sensitisers may be more appropriate.
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Registered trials
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