ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2025
Adverse childhood experiences and lower urinary tract symptoms in adolescence: the mediating effect of inflammation.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of non-suicidal self-injury: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Should We Be Treating Affective Symptoms, Like Anxiety and Depression Which May Be Related to LUTD in Patients With OAB? ICI-RS 2024.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in adulthood, but few studies have explored these associations in adolescence. Little is known about the biological mechanisms that could explain these associations.
methodsWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 4745) on ACEs (from birth to age 8 years), LUTS at age 14 years [any urinary incontinence (UI), daytime and bedwetting, urgency, nocturia, frequent urination, voiding postponement, and low voiding volume], and inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) measured at age 9 years. We examined associations between the summed ACE score and LUTS, and inflammation and LUTS. We then evaluated the mediating effects of IL-6 and CRP.
resultsHigher ACE scores were associated with increased odds of LUTS, e.g. a one-unit increase in the ACE score was associated with an increased odds of any UI [odds ratio (OR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.30]. Higher levels of IL-6 were associated with increased odds of LUTS, e.g. any UI (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.47). There was weak evidence that the associations between ACE score and LUTS were mediated by IL-6 (e.g. any UI ORnatural_indirect_effect 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06). There was no evidence that CRP was associated with LUTS or mediated the association between ACE score and LUTS.
conclusionThis study reports novel findings that point to inflammation as being a possible mechanism on the causal pathway from ACEs to LUTS. Early intervention is needed in childhood to prevent LUTS persisting into adolescence.
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