ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025
Effect of gender and training years on the upper extremity dynamic balance function in adolescent swimmers.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUpper extremity dynamic balance is the ability of the upper extremities to sustain stability during exercise. Abnormal upper extremity dynamic balance increases the risk of sport injury in swimmers. However, research on the influencing factors of upper extremity dynamic balance function is limited. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting upper extremity dynamic balance function in adolescent swimmers.
methodsA total of 62 adolescent swimmers were recruited, and their demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, BMI, and other relevant information, as well as details related to their swimming activities, were collected. Participants were categorized into different groups based on the median training years (5 years), gender, and hand dominance, including > 5 years of training experience (expert) and ≤ 5 years of training experience(novice), male and female, as well as dominant and non-dominant hand groups. All participants underwent limb function tests such as upper-extremity star excursion balance test (UESEBT), closed kinetic chain upper-extremity stability test, trunk flexor endurance test and lateral trunk endurance test. The differences in UESEBT performance between different groups were analyzed, and the correlation between UESEBT and different parts of skinfold thickness was examined.
resultsAll the individuals were adolescents with an average age of 12.58 ± 2.42 years, height of 150.02 ± 14.43 cm, weight of 45.46 ± 13.25 kg, and body mass index of 17.53 ± 2.33 kg/m². Significant disparities were observed in UESEBT performance among adolescent swimmers varying in years of training, gender, and hand dominance (p < 0.05). Athletes with expert, athletes' non-dominant hand, and males generally exhibited superior stability and higher composite scores in most directions than those with novice, athletes' dominant hand, and females, respectively. UESEBT performance showed a weak negative correlation with skinfold thickness (arm; r = from - 0.250 to - 0.332, p < 0.05).
conclusionsTraining years, gender, hand dominance, and skinfold thickness are important factors affecting upper extremity dynamic balance function in adolescent swimmers. These factors should be considered when selecting swimmers and designing training programs to prevent sports injuries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.