ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025
Effects of physical exercises on balance in children with down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of trampoline training on lower-limb strength and balance in children and adolescents with special needs: a multilevel systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of virtual reality-based training on postural balance in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Physical Activity on Motor Development, Balance, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to systematically explore the effects of different physical exercises on balance ability in children with Down syndrome and to clarify the differences in the effects of various physical exercises on promoting the development of balance ability in children with Down syndrome.
methodsThe database search period was from July 1, 2024, to August 31, 2024. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Engineering Village databases were searched for all published studies involving randomized controlled trials from database establishment to August 31, 2024. The screening procedure complied with the stated inclusion and exclusion criteria and adhered strictly to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, the methodological quality of the chosen trials was determined. RevMan5.4.1 was used for data analysis, whereas Stata 16.0 was used to assess publication bias.
resultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis incorporated eight randomized controlled trials comprising 260 participants. Meta-analysis showed that physical exercise significantly improved the dynamic balance (SMD = 1.45, 95%CI [1.14, 1.76], p < 0.00001) and total balance (SMD = 1.44, 95%CI [1.04, 1.85], p < 0.00001) in children with Down syndrome.
conclusionPhysical exercise can improve balance in children with Down syndrome. Among the various exercise modalities, treadmill and core stability training appear to be among the more promising interventions, while Pilates and isokinetic training may also offer beneficial effects. REGISTRATION: The study protocol has been duly registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024557710).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.