SynthesisJournal of cardiothoracic surgery2025
Effectiveness of breathing relaxation exercises on pain due to chest tube removal: a systematic review-meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of cardiothoracic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07283172 (The Effect of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal in Patients With Cardiac Surgery), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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The Effect of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal in Patients With Cardiac Surgery
Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChest tube placement is essential for draining air or fluid from the pleural cavity, often performed after cardiothoracic surgeries to prevent complications. However, chest tube removal (CTR) can be painful and stressful for patients. Proper pain management is crucial to enhancing patient comfort.
aimThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to asssess the effectiveness of breathing and relaxation exercises for pain associated with CTR.
methodsDatabase searches were carried out in Pub med, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, Science Direct to December 2024. The Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed.
findingsA total of 8 randomized controlled trials were included. Findings indicated that breathing relaxation exercises had a negative effect on chest tube removal. The mean effect size for the effect of breathing relaxation exercises on CTR was - 1.46 Three of the studies included in the meta-analysis assessed outcomes before CTR procedure. The mean effect size is 0.070 with a 95% confidence interval of -0.208 to 0.348. Also, four of the studies included in the meta-analysis assessed outcomes immediately after the procedure. The mean effect size is -1.403 with a 95% confidence interval of -2.337 to -0.469. The mean effect size in the universe of comparable studies could fall anywhere in this interval. Q-value is 30.826 with 3 degrees of freedom and p < 0.001.
conclusionsThe results of this meta-analysis indicated that breathing and relaxation exercises can be effective in reducing pain associated with the CTR procedure.
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