ArticleBMC oral health2025
Comparison of survival rate and duration of maxillary and mandibular lingual bonded retainers - a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Wire Syndrome Associated with Multistrand Orthodontic Retainers: A Proposed Etiopathogenic Concept.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the survival rates of maxillary and mandibular lingual bonded retainers fabricated from coaxial wire. It also analyzed the impact of operator experience, as well as patients' inherent and treatment-related factors, including age, sex, malocclusion, and the number of teeth bonded, on their survival rates.
methodsThis study comprised a sample size of 300 participants. The records of patients with maxillary and mandibular lingual bonded retainers were retrospectively analyzed during a five-year follow-up period to assess retainer survival, types of failure, and the timing of those failures. Descriptive statistics were calculated, Cox regression analysis was employed to assess possible predictors of retainer survival, while the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used for assessment of the survival function.
resultsSurvival rates for maxillary and mandibular lingual bonded retainers were 39.8% and 66.3%, respectively, over a mean observation period of 60 months. Survival regression analysis showed that the risk of retainer failure in the mandible was 0.43 times lower compared to the maxilla. Additionally, the risk of retainer failure was 1.61 times higher when second premolars were included in the retainer, while it was 0.7 times lower when placed by a fourth-year resident.
conclusionsThe maxillary lingual bonded retainers exhibited a significantly higher failure rate than the mandibular lingual bonded retainers. Survival rates were lower with less experienced operators and in longer-span retainers, especially those extending to the second premolars. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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