ArticleBMC oral health2025
Clinical outcomes of a peri-implant keratinized mucosa augmentation procedure using concentrated growth factor: a prospective case series.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Use of cells and/or biologics combined with scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration around dental implants.Journal of periodontology · 2026Pooled it
- Shallow vestibular depth as a risk indicator for peri-implantitis: a retrospective analysis of 336 implants.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Review
- Effect of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Peri-Implant Mucosal Thickness in Edentulous Patients Treated with Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdequate keratinized mucosa around implants is crucial for maintaining peri-implant hard and soft tissue health. Concentrated growth factor (CGF), a novel platelet concentrate, has been widely applied to promote tissue regeneration and wound healing, which could also be effective in peri-implant keratinized mucosa augmentation. This prospective case series aimed to present the clinical outcomes of apically repositioned flap (ARF) combined with CGF and to provide histological evidence.
methodsPatients with insufficient keratinized mucosa (< 2 mm) were included. ARF combined with CGF was performed to augment the keratinized mucosa. Changes in the keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and vestibular depth (VD) from surgery to 12 months were documented. The secondary endpoints included the mucosal thickness (MT), marginal bone loss (MBL), modified plaque index (mPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD). Additionally, two biopsy samples were collected to analyze their tissue morphology and keratin expression.
resultsThirty patients with a mean age of 46.0 ± 13.4 years and a total of 48 implant sites were recruited for the study. The KMW increased significantly from 1.44 ± 0.54 mm to 5.04 ± 1.64 mm at 2 weeks and stabilized at 2.48 ± 0.80 mm over 1 year (p < 0.001). The VD improved from 4.46 ± 2.38 mm to 5.32 ± 1.93 mm at 1-year post-ARF (p < 0.001). The MT increased from 1.48 ± 0.48 mm to 2.45 ± 0.70 mm (p < 0.001). After 1 year, the mPI and BOP were 0.47 ± 0.93 and 0.17 ± 0.39, respectively. The PD and MBL were 2.39 ± 0.59 mm and 0.36 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. Histological evaluation confirmed a typical keratinized mucosal structure with appropriate expression of keratin 5 and 10.
conclusionsWithin the limitations of this case series, our findings suggested that the use of ARF combined with CGF could be a reliable approach for keratinized mucosal augmentation and vestibular deepening. KMW achieved the clinically ideal value of more than 2 mm one year after surgery. Histological analysis revealed the formation of keratinized mucosa around the implants.
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