ArticleBMC public health2025
Associations of menstrual characteristics with non-suicidal self-injury: results from six universities in China.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe relationships of menstrual characteristics with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), a potential precursor to suicidal behaviors, have rarely been explored. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations between menstrual characteristics with NSSI among college students in China.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among students from six universities randomly chosen from 57 universities in Shaanxi province, China, using a multistage, random cluster sampling method. Menstrual characteristics including menarche age, menstrual cycle length, and menstrual cycle regularity were evaluated using a self-designed questionnaire, and NSSI was assessed using the Chinese adaptation of Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory. Binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationships between menstrual characteristics and NSSI.
resultsA total of 12,192 female students were included in this study. The prevalence of early menarche (≤ 11years), prolonged menstrual cycles (≥ 32 days), and irregular menstrual cycles was 6.7%, 10.2%, and 13.2%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with early menarche (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03–1.83), prolonged menstrual cycles (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.23-2.00), and irregular menstrual cycles (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.17–1.86) had significantly increased odds of engaging in NSSI in the past 12 months. Moreover, the likelihood of engaging in NSSI increased as the score of menstrual problems increased (P for trend < 0.001).
conclusionsOur findings suggest that early menarche, prolonged and irregular menstrual cycles were associated with elevated likelihood of engaging in NSSI. These results emphasize the need for early awareness and monitoring by families, teachers, and healthcare professionals to address the potential adverse associations between menstrual difficulties and NSSI.
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