Observational studyBMC oral health2025
The impact self-esteem towards the orthodontic issues in the social media: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing Facial Attractiveness and Professional Acceptance Between Real and AI-Generated Orthodontic Treatment Outcome Images.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- When does Orthodontics make a difference? Threshold effects in attractiveness perception and hiring intentions.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOrthodontic treatment has become significantly more accessible in recent decades, contributing positively to patients' quality of life by enhancing dental aesthetics and self-esteem. This study aims to investigate how social media usage affects self-esteem, self-perceived aesthetics, and the perceived need for orthodontic treatment among these generational groups. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis cross-sectional observational study included 250 participants from three generational groups: Generation Z (born 1997-2012), Generation Y (born 1980-1996), and Generation X (born 1965-1979). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. The questionnaire covered background characteristics, patterns of social media usage, self-perceived aesthetics, orthodontic treatment need, and self-esteem. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used for self-perceived attractiveness and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to evaluate self-esteem.
resultsThe sample comprised 250 participants. Generation Z reported the highest average daily social media use (4.42 h), followed by Generation Y (3.28 h) and Generation X (2.65 h). Social media had a significantly greater impact on the work or studies of Generation Z compared to the other generations. Regarding social comparison, generation Z had a significantly higher tendency to compare their body appearance and life experiences than Generations Y and X. Regarding self-perceived dental aesthetics and orthodontic treatment need, although not statistically significant, Generation X reported the highest perceived need for orthodontic treatment, followed by Generation Y and Generation Z. Self-esteem scores did not differ significantly among generations. Generation Z recorded the lowest mean self-esteem score.
conclusionThere were no significant generational differences in perceived orthodontic treatment needs. However, Generation Z exhibited higher social media usage and greater social comparison regarding body image and life experiences, indicating that social media may contribute more significantly role in shaping social pressures among younger generations. In addition, individuals with lower satisfaction in dental aesthetics perceived a higher need for orthodontic treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.