ArticleBMC public health2025
Long-term air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease risk across cardiovascular-renal-metabolic stages: a nationwide study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Environmental determinants of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: interactive roles of air pollution, heat waves, and green spaces.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic diseases in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal cross-lagged analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and the Impact of PM1 and Nitrogen Oxides on Chronic Kidney Disease Mortality in 39 European Countries (1990-2022): A Multi-Model Analysis.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Article
- Associations of air pollutant exposures with Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study based on CHARLS.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Air Pollution, Kidney Injury, and Green Nephrology-Thinking About Its Association and Causation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome substantially elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Environmental air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), is a key contributor, yet its long-term effects across CKM stages remain unclear.
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to different sizes of particulate matter (PM
methodsWe conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2018), including 5,824 participants aged 45 years or older. CKM stages (0 to 3) were classified according to American Heart Association guidelines. Annual average concentrations of PM
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 7 years, participants in the highest exposure group of PM
conclusionsLong-term exposure to ambient particulate matter significantly increases CVD risk, especially among individuals in advanced CKM stages. IMPLICATIONS: These findings support incorporating CKM staging into environmental health risk assessments and highlight the need for targeted cardiovascular screening and pollution control strategies in high-exposure regions. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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Registered trials
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