ReviewThe EMBO journal2025
Advances, challenges, and opportunities of human midbrain organoids for modelling of the dopaminergic system.
Review in The EMBO journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain organoids as models of extracellular vesicle-mediated human neural communication.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Beyond phenotypic markers: rethinking dopaminergic identity in iPSC-derived neurons.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- β-Hydroxybutyrate Exposure is Associated with Increased THCellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Single-cell multi-omic atlas and morphogen screening informs midbrain and hindbrain organoid engineering.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Human pluripotent stem cell engineering with CRISPR-Cas9 for Parkinson's disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Organoids in Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects.MedComm · 2026Review
- Brain organoids: a new paradigm for studying human neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain are critical for regulating movement, cognition, and emotion. Ventral midbrain organoids can be used to model both development and diseases of the dopaminergic system, especially Parkinson's disease. Here, we summarize recent advances and remaining challenges in developing such three-dimensional organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. We outline how ventral midbrain organoid systems have progressed from early three-dimensional culture models to sophisticated, engineered, multiregional systems that more accurately replicate the complex network of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, we examine how the development of organoid models from other brain regions, particularly the forebrain, provides complementary insights that can accelerate progress also in the field of midbrain organoids, towards the generation of more advanced in vitro systems for midbrain dopaminergic neurons and their circuitry. Such cutting-edge human stem cell-based models offer powerful platforms for investigating dopaminergic neuron generation, function, and connectivity, thereby enhancing disease modelling, drug discovery, and the development of targeted cell-based therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.