Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40604240›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Engagement and attrition in digital mental health: current challenges and potential solutions.

Katharine A Smith, Thomas Ward, Sinéad Lambe, Edoardo G Ostinelli, Charlotte Blease, Thomas Gant, Stefan M Gold, Emily A Holmes, Ivana Paccoud, Anastasia Vinnikova and 10 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07499219 (Developing a Web-based Transdiagnostic Single Session Intervention for Patients on Waiting Lists for Psychological Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07499219 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Developing a Web-based Transdiagnostic Single Session Intervention for Patients on Waiting Lists for Psychological Treatment: a Randomized Pilot Feasibility Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of OsloRan2026 to 2034Enrolled80ConditionsDepression, AnxietyArmsDigital therapy program (short), Digital therapy program (long), Mental health advice
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Towards Human-Centered Digital Health Interventions.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2026
    Review
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  10. Article
  11. Engagement and Outcomes Associated With Message-Based Psychotherapy Among Older and Younger Adults.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Katharine A SmithDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. katharine.smith@psych.ox.ac.uk.
Thomas WardDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Sinéad LambeOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Edoardo G OstinelliDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Charlotte BleaseDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppsala County, Sweden.
Thomas GantDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Stefan M GoldCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dept Psychiatry and Dept Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Emily A HolmesDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppsala County, Sweden.
Ivana PaccoudLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Anastasia VinnikovaIndependent researcher (Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) representative), London, UK.
Jochen KluckenLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Peter J UhlhaasDept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Carolina Garcia SanchezDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppsala County, Sweden.
Kate HainingSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Kerem BögeCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dept Psychiatry and Dept Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Sofiia LahutinaGerman National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Halle, Germany.
Luisa TomelleriSanta Giuliana Hospital, Verona, Italy.
Sean RyanDivision of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
John Torous *Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Andrea Cipriani *Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

NIHR (National Institute for Health and Care Research) Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre BRC-1215-20005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In digital mental health engagement rates are consistently low, which may limit its effects. Using an international multidisciplinary consensus method, including lived experience expertise and a systematic review, we identified three key challenges: (i) lack of agreed metrics for engagement; (ii) lack of evidence on how better engagement improves outcomes; (iii) lack of standards for user involvement. Three potential solutions encompassed: (i) standardisation of frameworks for reporting engagement metrics and optimal doses of digital tools, (ii) measuring engagement with more precise reporting of outcomes, including potential harms; (iii) defining standards of user involvement (including appropriate diversity, and clinician as well as user input). Digital interventions have real potential in meeting the shortfall in service provision for mental health, but this will require focus on high quality research studies of the underlying mechanisms of engagement and optimal outcomes. Our findings identify and highlight the next best steps in this process.

Identifiers

PMID40604240
PMCPMC12223045

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.